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Diaphragm wall-soil-cap interaction in rectangular-closed- diaphragm-wall bridge foundations

Hua WEN, Qiangong CHENG, Fanchao MENG, Xiaodong CHEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 93-100 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0015-4

摘要： Rectangular-closed-diaphragm-wall foundation is a new type of bridge foundation. Diaphragm wall-soil-cap interaction was studied using a model test. It was observed that the distribution of soil resistance under the cap is not homogeneous. The soil resistance in the corner under the cap is larger than that in the border; and that in the center is the smallest. The distribution of soil resistance under the cap will be more uniform, if the sectional area of soil core is enlarged within a certain range. Due to the existence of cap, there is a “weakening effect” in inner shaft resistance of the upper wall segments, and there is “enhancement effect” in the lower wall segments and in toe resistance. The load shearing percentage of soil resistance under the cap is 10%-20%. It is unreasonable to ignore the effects of the cap and the soil resistance under the cap in bearing capacity calculations.

关键词： diaphragm wall bridge foundation low cap interaction

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The behavior of a rectangular closed diaphragm wall when used as a bridge foundation

Qiangong CHENG, Jiujiang WU, Zhang SONG, Hua WEN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 398-420 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0175-5

摘要： The rectangular closed diaphragm (RCD) wall is a new type of bridge foundation. Compared to barrette foundation, measuring the performance of RCD walls is relatively complicated because of their incorporation of a soil core. Using the FLAC3D software, this paper investigates the deformation properties, soil resistance and skin friction of a laterally loaded RCD wall as well as the settlement, axial force and load-sharing ratio of a vertically loaded RCD wall. Special attention is given to the analysis of factors that influence the performance of the soil core. It was found that under lateral loading, the RCD wall behaves as an end-bearing friction wall during the entire loading process. The relative displacement between the wall body and the soil core primarily occurs below the rotation point, and the horizontal displacement of the soil core is greater than that of the wall body. Under vertical loading, the degree of inner skin friction around the bottom of the soil core and the proportion of the loading supported by the soil core increase with increased cross-section size. The wall depth is directly proportional to the loading supported by the outer skin friction and the tip resistance of the wall body and is inversely proportional to the loading borne by the soil core.

关键词： diaphragm wall soil core bridge foundation FLAC3D bearing behavior

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Soil arching effect of Lattice-Shaped Diaphragm Wall as bridge foundation

Jiujiang WU, Lingjuan WANG, Qiangong CHENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第4期页码 446-454 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0397-7

摘要： As a new type of bridge foundation, Lattice-Shaped Diaphragm Wall (hereinafter for LSDW) is highly concerned in relevant construction area but its research is far from achievement. Based on PFC , the soil arching effect of LSDWs is studied thoroughly in this paper and the special attention is given to its influencing factors. It turns out to be that a differential wall-soil settlement can be found at the lower location of soil core of an LSDW which is one of the trigger factors of soil arching; meanwhile, the differential settlement degree can reflect the exertion degree of soil arching; the shape of soil arching is basically a hemisphere which can be explained by the theory proposed by Hewlett and Randolph; normally, the chamber number is a negative factor for the development of soil arching; the soil arching effect is significantly influenced by the distance of two adjacent wall elements and the foundation depth, and a relatively large or small value of these factors is disadvantageous to the exertion of soil arching; in addition, the soil arching effect increase with the growth of stiffness and friction coefficient of particles and the friction coefficient of particles has insignificant influence on the development of soil arching effect compared with particle stiffness.

关键词： LSDW soil arching PFC^2D shape of soil arching influencing factors

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Finite element modeling of thermo-active diaphragm walls

Yi RUI, Mei YIN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 646-663 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0584-9

摘要： There are two major challenges faced by modern society: energy security, and lowering carbon dioxide gas emissions. Thermo-active diaphragm walls have a large potential to remedy one of these problems, since they are a renewable energy technology that uses underground infrastructure as a heat exchange medium. However, extensive research is required to determine the effects of cyclic heating and cooling on their geotechnical and structural performance. In this paper, a series of detailed finite element analyses are carried out to capture the fully coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical response of the ground and diaphragm wall. It is demonstrated that the thermal operation of the diaphragm wall causes changes in soil temperature, thermal expansion/shrinkage of pore water, and total stress applied on the diaphragm wall. These, in turn, cause displacements of the diaphragm wall and variations of the bending moments. However, these effects on the performance of diaphragm wall are not significant. The thermally induced bending strain is mainly governed by the temperature differential and uneven thermal expansion/shrinkage across the wall.

关键词： thermo-active diaphragm wall finite element analysis thermo-hydro-mechanical coupling ground source heat pump

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Parametric sensitivity analysis of cellular diaphragm wall

Xi CHEN, Wei XU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 358-364 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0177-3

摘要： The deformation law of the cellular diaphragm wall in deep foundation pits was studied through numerical simulation. Based on the example of the dock wall in engineering, the full three-dimensional finite element model was used to simulate the excavation of the foundation pit. Interaction between the cellular diaphragm wall and the soil was also taken into account in the calculation. The results indicated that the maximum lateral displacement, which is the evaluation index of sensitivity analysis, appeared on the top of the interior longitudinal wall with an excavation depth of 10 m. The centrifuge model test was carried out to study the deformation regulation for a cellular diaphragm wall. The most sensitive factor was found by adjusting the length of the partition wall, the spacing of the partition wall and the thickness of the wall. In the end, a suggestion was proposed to optimize the cellular diaphragm by adjusting the length of the partition wall.

关键词： cellular diaphragm wall sensitivity analysis optimization centrifuge model test

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南京长江第四大桥南锚碇地下连续墙支护结构设计

董萌,贾立峰,李丹

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第8期页码 26-30

摘要：

南京长江第四大桥南锚碇基础为支护开挖深埋扩大基础，采用井筒式地下连续墙支护体系，平面形状为“∞”形，长82 m，宽59 m，由两个外径59 m的非完整圆和一道隔墙组成，壁厚为1.5 m。隔墙为前后两个非完整圆的支撑结构，抬高隔墙底标高，使得基础底板为一整体结构；填心混凝土施工完成后凿除部分墙体，既解决了开挖状态下的支护问题，又使基础顶板有效连为整体。采用“∞”形比圆形或矩形结构形式布置平面面积小，截面惯性矩大，且半径较小，墙体环向应力小，安全性及可实施性高，有效降低了工程投入，提高了结构的安全性。

关键词：锚碇地下连续墙 “∞”形南京长江第四大桥

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Power performance of circular piezoelectric diaphragm generators

TANG Kehong, KAN Junwu, YANG Zhigang, CHENG Guangming, PENG Taijiang

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2008年第3卷第4期页码 434-440 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0069-3

摘要： Energy generation performance of a piezoelectric generator depends mainly on several elements such as the structural style, boundary conditions, geometry parameters, materials, vibration-source frequency, and external load. To obtain the optimal energy-harvesting device, the Raleigh method is used to establish the analysis model of circular piezoelectric composite diaphragms. Simply supported and clamped boundary conditions were considered. The relationships between the output power and the structural parameters of piezoelectric composite diaphragms, and the external load resistance and frequency were shown. Given the correlative material parameters and boundary conditions, the output power, using structural parameters, external load, or vibrating frequency as variables, can be calculated. Simulation results show that there are optimal structural parameters and load for a composite diaphragm to achieve the maximum output power. A piezoelectric diaphragm generator with given dimensions tends to achieve higher output power under clamped boundary conditions than that under simply supported boundary conditions.

关键词： clamped boundary energy-harvesting composite diaphragm piezoelectric composite maximum

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behavior of stiffened joints between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm

Chunyan QUAN,Wei WANG,Jian ZHOU,Rong WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第3期页码 333-344 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0357-7

摘要： This paper presented an investigation on a stiffened joint in practical engineering which was between concrete-filled steel tubular column and steel beam with narrow outer diaphragm and partial joint penetration welds. Through the low-frequency cyclic loading test, the cyclic behavior and failure mode of the specimen were investigated. The results of the test indicated the failure mode and bearing capacity of the specimen which were influenced by the axial compression ratio of the concrete-filled tubular column. On the contrary, the inner diaphragm and inner stiffeners had limited impacts on the hysteretic behavior of the joint. There was no hysteresis damage fracture on the narrow outer diaphragm connected to the concrete-filled steel tubular column with partial joint penetration welds. Due to the excellent ductility and energy dissipating capacity, the proposed joint could be applied to the seismic design of high-rise buildings in highly intensive seismic region, but axial compression ratio should be controlled to avoid unfavorable failure modes.

关键词： narrow outer diaphragm concrete-filled tubular column joint inner and outer stiffening cyclic behavior

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南京长江第四大桥工程建设及关键技术

武焕陵

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第8期页码 4-11

摘要：

南京长江第四大桥是世界上首座主跨1 418 m的三跨连续弹性支承体系钢箱加劲梁悬索桥，首次采用了弹性支承体系以及缆索的分布传力锚固系统，克服了复杂地质条件下超大“∞”形地下连续墙（以下简称地连墙）及超大规模沉井深基础的设计施工技术难题，提出了主缆缆索混编技术及富氩气体保护焊技术，采用了复合浇筑式沥青钢桥面铺装技术，运用综合技术手段严格控制大体积混凝土施工质量。本文从建设管理及关键技术创新方面进行了综述。

关键词：建设管理关键技术创新复杂地质条件超大“∞”形地连墙超大规模沉井

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Numerical simulation of squat reinforced concrete wall strengthened by FRP composite material

Ali KEZMANE,Said BOUKAIS,Mohand Hamizi

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期页码 445-455 doi: 10.1007/s11709-016-0339-9

摘要： The advanced design rules and the latest known earthquakes, have imposed a strengthening of reinforced concrete structures. Many research works and practical achievements of the application of the external reinforcement by using FRP composite materials have been particularly developed in the recent years. This type of strengthening seems promising for the seismic reinforcement of buildings. Among of the components of structures that could affect the stability of the structure in case of an earthquake is the reinforced concrete walls, which require in many cases a strengthening, especially in case where the diagonal cracks can be developed. The intent of this paper is to present a numerical simulation of squat reinforced concrete wall strengthened by FRP composite material (carbon fiber epoxy). The intent of this study is to perform finite element model to investigate the effects of such reinforcement in the squat reinforced concrete walls. Taking advantage of a commercial finite element package ABAQUS code, three-dimensional numerical simulations were performed, addressing the parameters associated with the squat reinforced concrete walls. An elasto-plastic damage model material is used for concrete, for steel, an elastic-plastic behavior is adopted, and the FRP composite is considered unidirectional and orthotropic. The obtained results in terms of displacements, stresses, damage illustrate clearly the importance of this strengthening strategy.

关键词： simulation strengthening reinforced concrete wall squat wall FRP composite material damage Abaqus

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Nonlinear analysis of pre-tensioned glass wall facade by stability function with initial imperfection

Siu-Lai CHAN, Yaopeng LIU, Andy LEE,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 376-382 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0086-2

摘要： Pre-tensioned high strength trusses using alloy steel bar are widely used as glass wall supporting systems because of the high degree of transparency. The breakage of glass panes in this type of system occurs occasionally, likely to be due to error in design and analysis in addition to other factors like glass impurity and stress concentration around opening in a spider system. Most design does not consider the flexibility of supports from finite stiffness of supporting steel or reinforced concrete beams. The resistance of lateral wind pressure of the system makes use of high tension force coupled with the large deflection effect, both of which are affected by many parameters not generally considered in conventional structures. In the design, one must therefore give a careful consideration on various effects, such as support settlement due to live loads and material creep, temperature change, pre-tension force, and wind pressure. It is not uncommon to see many similar glass wall systems fail in the wind load test chambers under a design wind speed. This paper presents a rigorous analysis and design of this type of structural systems used in a project in Hong Kong, China. The stability function with initial curvature is used in place of the cubic function, which is only accurate for linear analysis. The considerations and analysis techniques are believed to be of value to engineers involved in the design of the structural systems behaving nonlinearly.

关键词： tension system glass wall nonlinear analysis pre-tensioning second-order analysis

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Seismic response of precast reinforced concrete wall subjected to cyclic in-plane and constant out-of-plane

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1128-1143 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0753-5

摘要： This paper provides insight into the seismic behavior of a full-scale precast reinforced concrete wall under in-plane cyclic loading combined with out-of-plane loading replicated by sand backfill to simulate the actual condition of basement walls. The tested wall exhibited flexural cracks, owing to the high aspect ratio and considerable out-of-plane movement due to lateral pressure from the backfill. The wall performed satisfactorily by exhibiting competent seismic parameters and deformation characteristics governed by its ductile response in the nonlinear phase during the test with smaller residual drift. Numerical analysis was conducted to validate experimental findings, which complied with each other. The numerical model was used to conduct parametric studies to study the effect of backfill density and aspect ratio on seismic response of the proposed precast wall system. The in-plane capacity of walls reduced, while deformation characteristics were unaffected by the increase in backfill density. An increase in aspect ratio leads to a reduction in in-plane capacity and an increase in drift. Curves between the ratio of in-plane yield capacity and design shear load of walls are proposed for the backfill density, which may be adopted to determine the in-plane yield capacity of the basement walls based on their design shear.

关键词： precast wall basement wall out-of-plane response quasi-static test sand backfill seismic parameters

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Plasma-assisted oxidation of benzoic acid

Anna Khlyustova, Nikolay Sirotkin

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 513-521 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1825-0

摘要： Plasma-assisted oxidation of organic compounds is one of the developing technologies for wastewater treatment. Plasmas effectively accelerate degradation processes due to plasma generated reactive species and ultra-violet radiation. Oxidation of benzoic acid in aqueous solutions by the atmospheric pressure glow discharge and underwater diaphragm discharge was studied and monitored by fluorescence and spectrophotometric methods. Discharge type and solution pH affect the formation rates of mono- and dihydroxybenzoic acids. Dihydroxyl derivatives were formed only by glow discharge action. The yields of hydroxyl radical were estimated on the kinetics data for the hydroxylation of benzoic acid. The steps of the hydroxylation processes and further oxidation were described.

关键词： atmospheric pressure glow discharge underwater diaphragm discharge oxidation benzoic acid hydroxyl radical

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Seismic behavior of cantilever wall embedded in dry and saturated sand

Sanku KONAI, Aniruddha SENGUPTA, Kousik DEB

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第3期页码 690-705 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0615-6

摘要： The embedded cantilever retaining walls are often required for excavation to construct the underground facilities. Significant numbers of numerical and experimental studies have been performed to understand the behavior of embedded cantilever retaining walls under static condition. However, very limited studies have been conducted on the behavior of embedded retaining walls under seismic condition. In this paper, the behavior of a small scale model embedded cantilever retaining wall in dry and saturated sand under seismic loading condition is investigated by shake table tests in the laboratory and numerically using software FLAC2D. The embedded cantilever walls are subjected to sinusoidal dynamic motions. The behaviors of the cantilever walls in terms of lateral displacement and bending moment are studied with the variation of the two important design parameters, peak amplitude of the base motions and excavation depth. The variation of the pore water pressures within the sand is also observed in the cases of saturated sand. The maximum lateral displacement of a cantilever wall due to seismic loading is below 1% of the total height of the wall in dry sand, but in case of saturated sand, it can go up to 12.75% of the total height of the wall.

关键词： embedded cantilever wall shake table test FLAC2D seismic loading saturated and dry sand

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Environmental and human health impact assessment of major interior wall decorative materials

Bingqing ZHANG, Ruochen ZENG, Xiaodong LI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2019年第6卷第3期页码 406-415 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0025-4

摘要： Despite the growing interest in green products in the interior wall decorative material market, knowledge gaps exist because determining which product is more environmental and user friendly than the others is difficult. This work assesses the environmental and human health profiles of interior latex and wallpaper. Two interior latex products of different raw material ratios and one non-woven wallpaper product are considered. The environmental impact assessment follows life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology and applies Building Environmental Performance Analysis System (BEPAS). The human health impact is based on impact-pathway chain and is performed using Building Health Impact Analysis System (BHIAS). The assessment scope, associated emissions, and territorial scope of various emissions are defined to facilitate comparison study of interior wall decorative products. The impacts are classified into 15 categories belonging to three safeguard areas: ecological environment, natural resources, and human health. The impacts of categories are calculated and monetized using willingness to pay (WTP) and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) and summarized as an integrated external cost of environmental and human health impacts. Assessment results reveal that the integrated impact of interior latex is lower than that of non-woven wallpaper, and the interior latex of low quality causes low life cycle integrated impact. The most impacted categories are global warming, respiratory effects, and water consumption. Hotspots of product manufacturing are recognized to promote green product design.

关键词： life cycle assessment human health impact integrated assessment interior wall decorative material green product